一本书能给出的最诚实的东西,是让人有办法证明它错了。
著录说明与三级分级本书对文献著录执行三级分级,逐条标出,不作整篇笼统声明。读者由此可以知道:哪些条目可以直接引用,哪些条目引用前应自行复核。
【一】 本次逐条核实到卷、期、起讫页码或 DOI。可直接引用。 【二】 标准
著录,经典文献,多来源一致;卷期无异议,未逐条核到页码。 【三】 页码
或版本细节待核。引用前请自行复核。
另有两条纪律,随本表一并执行:
其一,不为凑数著录。 本书正文未实际使用的文献不列入。全书六编的核心命题各自依赖哪几条,在下表分组中直接可见。
其二,第四编的三支必须完整列出。 第二十八章已写明:本书的退化定理不是新数学,它在非局部向量微积分、peridynamics、图 Laplacian 收敛这三支文献里都是标准结果;任何以本书第四编为基础的工作若不完整引用这三支,会被正确地判为重复工作。故第七组(第 37–53 条)是本表中唯一被要求“完整”而非“够用”的一组。
1. 【二】 Mac Lane, S. Categories for the Working Mathematician, 2nd ed.
Graduate Texts in Mathematics 5. New York: Springer, 1998. 2. 【二】 Eilenberg, S. & Mac Lane, S. “General Theory of Natural
Equivalences.” Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 58
(1945): 231–294. 3. 【二】 Awodey, S. Category Theory, 2nd ed. Oxford Logic Guides 52.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. 4. 【二】 Riehl, E. Category Theory in Context. Aurora: Dover Modern Math
Originals. Mineola: Dover, 2016.
第九章的决定定理即(余)极限在唯一同构下唯一,其论证见第 1 条第 III
章;米田引理见同书第 III 章第 2 节。第十四章交代本书在范畴论之外做了什
么,读者可据第 1、4 条自行核对本书未越界。
5. 【二】 Coddington, E. A. & Levinson, N. Theory of Ordinary Differential
Equations. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1955. 6. 【二】 Hartman, P. Ordinary Differential Equations, 2nd ed. Classics in
Applied Mathematics 38. Philadelphia: SIAM, 2002.
7. 【二】 Rudin, W. Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1976. 8. 【二】 Ahlfors, L. V. Complex Analysis, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1979. 9. 【二】 Koblitz, N. p-adic Numbers, p-adic Analysis, and Zeta-Functions,
2nd ed. Graduate Texts in Mathematics 58. New York: Springer, 1984. 10. 【二】 Gouvêa, F. Q. p-adic Numbers: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Universitext.
Cham: Springer, 2020. 11. 【二】 Higham, N. J. Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation.
Philadelphia: SIAM, 2008. 12. 【三】 Stanley, R. P. “Differentiably Finite Power Series.” European
Journal of Combinatorics 1 (1980): 175–188.(页码待核)13. 【三】 Zeilberger, D. “A Holonomic Systems Approach to Special
Functions Identities.” Journal of Computational and Applied
Mathematics 32 (1990): 321–368.(页码待核)14. 【二】 Kauers, M. & Paule, P. The Concrete Tetrahedron: Symbolic Sums,
Recurrence Equations, Generating Functions, Asymptotic Estimates.
Vienna: Springer, 2011. 15. 【二】 Baker, A. Transcendental Number Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1975.
第十一章反例二(ℚ_p 上收敛半径 p^(−1/(p−1)))见第 9 条第 IV 章;反例四
(矩阵代数上加法定理失效,除非两矩阵可交换)见第 11 条第 12 章;第十
二章第五节「极小零化算子唯一」的 D-有限函数背景见第 12–14 条;sin(1)
的超越性(Lindemann–Weierstrass)见第 15 条。
16. 【二】 Gödel, K. “Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia
Mathematica und verwandter Systeme I.” Monatshefte für Mathematik
und Physik 38 (1931): 173–198. 17. 【三】 Rosser, J. B. “Extensions of Some Theorems of Gödel and
Church.” Journal of Symbolic Logic 1, no. 3 (1936): 87–91.(页码待核)18. 【三】 Presburger, M. “Über die Vollständigkeit eines gewissen Systems
der Arithmetik ganzer Zahlen, in welchem die Addition als einzige
Operation hervortritt.” In Comptes Rendus du I Congrès de
Mathématiciens des Pays Slaves, Warsaw, 1929, 92–101.(页码与卷次待
核)19. 【二】 Tarski, A. A Decision Method for Elementary Algebra and Geometry,
2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951. 20. 【二】 Chang, C. C. & Keisler, H. J. Model Theory, 3rd ed. Studies in Logic
and the Foundations of Mathematics 73. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990. 21. 【三】 Cohen, P. J. “The Independence of the Continuum Hypothesis.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 50 (1963): 1143–
1148;同题 II,PNAS 51 (1964): 105–110.(页码待核)22. 【二】 Jech, T. The Axiom of Choice. Studies in Logic and the Foundations
of Mathematics 75. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1973. 23. 【二】 Smith, P. An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems, 2nd ed. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2013. 24. 【二】 Franzén, T. Gödel's Theorem: An Incomplete Guide to Its Use and
Abuse. Wellesley: A K Peters, 2005.
第五章第六节「Rosser 改进」见第 17 条;第九节误解三「完备且可判定的
理论确实存在」见第 18 条(Presburger 算术)与第 19 条(实闭域);第十
一节哥德尔与 Cohen 的分工见第 21 条;第二编硬边界之三(E 必须给结构
不给理论)依据第 20 条的 Löwenheim–Skolem 与非范畴性;硬边界之四
(无 D 区=AC 区)见第 22 条。
25. 【二】 Atiyah, M. F. & Macdonald, I. G. Introduction to Commutative
Algebra. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1969. 26. 【二】 Lang, S. Algebra, 3rd rev. ed. Graduate Texts in Mathematics 211.
New York: Springer, 2002. 27. 【二】 Weibel, C. A. The K-book: An Introduction to Algebraic K-theory.
Graduate Studies in Mathematics 145. Providence: American Mathematical
Society, 2013. 28. 【三】 Grothendieck, A. & Dieudonné, J. Éléments de géométrie algébrique
I. Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 4 (1960).(卷次与年份待核)29. 【二】 Hartshorne, R. Algebraic Geometry. Graduate Texts in Mathematics
52. New York: Springer, 1977.
第十九章第三节那张统一表的前四行——ℕ 的群化、ℤ 的分式域、ℚ 的完备
化、ℝ 的代数闭包——分别见第 25 条第 3 章(局部化)、第 26 条第 II 部
(域论);ℕ→ℤ 与代数 K-理论 K₀ 服从同一条泛性质(Grothendieck 群构
造),见第 27 条第 II 章。
章)30. 【二】 Schwartz, L. Théorie des distributions, tomes I–II. Paris: Hermann,
1950–1951. 31. 【二】 Hörmander, L. The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators I,
2nd ed. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften 256. Berlin:
Springer, 1990. 32. 【三】 Young, L. C. “Generalized Curves and the Existence of an Attained
Absolute Minimum in the Calculus of Variations.” Comptes Rendus de la
Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Varsovie, Classe III, 30 (1937): 212–
234.(页码与卷次待核)33. 【三】 Tartar, L. “Compensated Compactness and Applications to Partial
Differential Equations.” In Nonlinear Analysis and Mechanics: Heriot-Watt
Symposium, vol. IV, edited by R. J. Knops, 136–212. Research Notes in
Mathematics 39. London: Pitman, 1979.(页码待核)34. 【二】 Pedregal, P. Parametrized Measures and Variational Principles.
Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications 30.
Basel: Birkhäuser, 1997. 35. 【二】 Hairer, M. “A Theory of Regularity Structures.” Inventiones
Mathematicae 198, no. 2 (2014): 269–504. 36. 【三】 Lions, P.-L. “The Concentration-Compactness Principle in the
Calculus of Variations: The Locally Compact Case, Part 1.” Annales de
l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Analyse Non Linéaire 1, no. 2 (1984): 109–145.(部
次与年份待核)
第十九章“Schwartz(1950):求导在函数类上不封闭 → 扩张到分
布”与“Hairer(2014):乘法在分布类上不封闭 → 扩张到正则结构”两
行,分别见第 30、35 条。Young 测度作为切向振荡的极限对象,见第
32、34 条;第一编第二章第八节的两点测度即此类对象的最初等标本。
非局部向量微积分
37. 【一】 Du, Q., Gunzburger, M., Lehoucq, R. B. & Zhou, K. “Analysis and
Approximation of Nonlocal Diffusion Problems with Volume Constraints.”
SIAM Review 54, no. 4 (2012): 667–696. DOI: 10.1137/110833294. ⚠ 网络上
流传有“56 (2012): 676–696”的错版著录;作者主页与 DOI 均为卷 54、页
667–696,以此为准。38. 【一】 Du, Q., Gunzburger, M., Lehoucq, R. B. & Zhou, K. “A Nonlocal
Vector Calculus, Nonlocal Volume-Constrained Problems, and Nonlocal
Balance Laws.” Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences
23, no. 3 (2013): 493–540. DOI: 10.1142/S0218202512500546. 39. 【一】 Gunzburger, M. & Lehoucq, R. B. “A Nonlocal Vector Calculus with
Application to Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems.” Multiscale Modeling
& Simulation 8, no. 5 (2010): 1581–1620. DOI: 10.1137/090766607. 40. 【一】 Du, Q. Nonlocal Modeling, Analysis, and Computation. CBMS-NSF
Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics 94. Philadelphia: SIAM,
2019. DOI: 10.1137/1.9781611975628.
Peridynamics 与其经典极限
41. 【一】 Silling, S. A. “Reformulation of Elasticity Theory for Discontinuities
and Long-Range Forces.” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids
48, no. 1 (2000): 175–209. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5096(99)00029-0. 42. 【三】 Silling, S. A. & Lehoucq, R. B. “Convergence of Peridynamics to
Classical Elasticity Theory.” Journal of Elasticity 93, no. 1 (2008): 13–37.
(页码待核)43. 【三】 Du, Q. & Zhou, K. “Mathematical Analysis for the Peridynamic
Nonlocal Continuum Theory.” ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and
Numerical Analysis 45, no. 2 (2011): 217–234.(页码待核)44. 【二】 Andreu-Vaillo, F., Mazón, J. M., Rossi, J. D. & Toledo-Melero, J. J.
Nonlocal Diffusion Problems. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs 165.
Providence: American Mathematical Society, 2010.
图 Laplacian 向 Laplace–Beltrami 算子的收敛
45. 【一】 Belkin, M. & Niyogi, P. “Towards a Theoretical Foundation for
Laplacian-Based Manifold Methods.” Journal of Computer and System
Sciences 74, no. 8 (2008): 1289–1308. 会议版见 Proceedings of the 18th
Annual Conference on Learning Theory (COLT 2005), 486–500. 46. 【一】 Burago, D., Ivanov, S. & Kurylev, Y. “A Graph Discretization of the
Laplace–Beltrami Operator.” Journal of Spectral Theory 4, no. 4 (2014):
675–714. 47. 【三】 Belkin, M. & Niyogi, P. “Laplacian Eigenmaps for Dimensionality
Reduction and Data Representation.” Neural Computation 15, no. 6
(2003): 1373–1396.(页码待核)非局部泛函向局部泛函的收敛(第二十七章临界档 p = d)
48. 【一】 Bourgain, J., Brezis, H. & Mironescu, P. “Another Look at Sobolev
Spaces.” In Optimal Control and Partial Differential Equations: A Volume
in Honour of A. Bensoussan's 60th Birthday, 439–455. Amsterdam: IOS
Press, 2001. 49. 【三】 Ponce, A. C. “A New Approach to Sobolev Spaces and Connections
to Γ-Convergence.” Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential
Equations 19, no. 3 (2004): 229–255.(页码待核)
重叠支撑的既有传统:无网格法与 SPH(第二十三章失效现场一)
50. 【三】 Du, Q., Lehoucq, R. B. & Tartakovsky, A. M. “Integral
Approximations to Classical Diffusion and Smoothed Particle
Hydrodynamics.” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and
Engineering 286 (2015): 216–229.(页码待核)51. 【三】 Gingold, R. A. & Monaghan, J. J. “Smoothed Particle
Hydrodynamics: Theory and Application to Non-Spherical Stars.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 181, no. 3 (1977): 375–389.(页
码待核)52. 【三】 Lucy, L. B. “A Numerical Approach to the Testing of the Fission
Hypothesis.” The Astronomical Journal 82 (1977): 1013–1024.(页码待
核)53. 【三】 Belytschko, T., Lu, Y. Y. & Gu, L. “Element-Free Galerkin Methods.”
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37, no. 2
(1994): 229–256.(页码待核)
Voronoi 剖分与质心 Voronoi 剖分(第二十二、二十三章)
54. 【三】 Du, Q., Faber, V. & Gunzburger, M. “Centroidal Voronoi
Tessellations: Applications and Algorithms.” SIAM Review 41, no. 4 (1999):
637–676.(页码待核)55. 【二】 Okabe, A., Boots, B., Sugihara, K. & Chiu, S. N. Spatial Tessellations:
Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams, 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley,
2000.
56. 【三】 Gołąb, S. “Sur quelques points de la théorie de la longueur.”
Annales de la Société Polonaise de Mathématique 7 (1929): 227–241.(页码
待核;定理的现代陈述见第 57 条)57. 【二】 Ambrosio, L. & Tilli, P. Topics on Analysis in Metric Spaces. Oxford
Lecture Series in Mathematics and Its Applications 25. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2004. 58. 【二】 Ambrosio, L., Fusco, N. & Pallara, D. Functions of Bounded Variation
and Free Discontinuity Problems. Oxford Mathematical Monographs.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 59. 【二】 Falconer, K. J. The Geometry of Fractal Sets. Cambridge Tracts in
Mathematics 85. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 60. 【二】 Simon, L. Lectures on Geometric Measure Theory. Proceedings of
the Centre for Mathematical Analysis 3. Canberra: Australian National
University, 1983. 61. 【三】 Allard, W. K. “On the First Variation of a Varifold.” Annals of
Mathematics 95, no. 3 (1972): 417–491.(页码待核)62. 【三】 Almgren, F. J., Jr. The Theory of Varifolds. Mimeographed notes,
Princeton University, 1965.(版本与页数待核)
第二章第七节 Golab 半连续定理的陈述与证明见第 57 条(度量空间上一维
Hausdorff 测度对 Hausdorff 收敛的下半连续性);周长在 L¹ 收敛下的下半
连续性见第 58 条。第十二节的 varifold(点集 + 每点切向的概率测度)见
第 60–62 条;本书不使用该理论的任何定理,仅指出该对象存在并且早有名
字。
姊妹卷(第五、七、八组多处引用)
75. 【一】 王德生。《SDE 数学导论(修订版)——结构·差异·纠缠:数学的重
新定义》。新加坡:德麦国际出版社,2026。德麦国际专著第 53 号。328 页,
五编四十三章,六附录,约 15.8 万字,59 条参考文献。 本书第四编的相容性
公理(六重约束:conforming 网格·合法中间态·质量单调性·确定性·可审
计性·固定点收敛)、伞模型的三参数 (r, ω, v)、无量纲 SDE 数 N =
r·ω/(v·T_c) 与三态判别,均出自该书;本书只取其 r→0 那一重并补上定量
版本。
63. 【三】 International Mathematical Union. Fields Medals: Official Citations.
各届获奖理由与得主名单以 IMU 官方网页为准(访问日期:2026 年 8 月)。
(此类文档的存在形态难以离线核实,故标为第三级)64. 【二】 Hales, T. C. “A Proof of the Kepler Conjecture.” Annals of
Mathematics 162, no. 3 (2005): 1065–1185. 65. 【二】 Hales, T. C., Adams, M., Bauer, G., et al. “A Formal Proof of the
Kepler Conjecture.” Forum of Mathematics, Pi 5 (2017): e2. 66. 【三】 Gersho, A. “Asymptotically Optimal Block Quantization.” IEEE
Transactions on Information Theory 25, no. 4 (1979): 373–380.(页码待核)67. 【三】 Viazovska, M. S. “The Sphere Packing Problem in Dimension 8.”
Annals of Mathematics 185, no. 3 (2017): 991–1015.(页码待核)68. 【三】 Cohn, H. & Elkies, N. “New Upper Bounds on Sphere Packings I.”
Annals of Mathematics 157, no. 2 (2003): 689–714.(页码待核)69. 【三】 Ngô, B. C. “Le lemme fondamental pour les algèbres de Lie.”
Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 111 (2010): 1–169.(页码待核)70. 【三】 Perelman, G. “The Entropy Formula for the Ricci Flow and Its
Geometric Applications.” arXiv:math/0211159 (2002);“Ricci Flow with
Surgery on Three-Manifolds.” arXiv:math/0303109 (2003)。71. 【三】 Berger, R. “The Undecidability of the Domino Problem.” Memoirs
of the American Mathematical Society 66 (1966).(页数待核)72. 【三】 Robinson, R. M. “Undecidability and Nonperiodicity for Tilings of
the Plane.” Inventiones Mathematicae 12, no. 3 (1971): 177–209.(页码待
核)73. 【二】 Milnor, J. “On Manifolds Homeomorphic to the 7-Sphere.” Annals
of Mathematics 64, no. 2 (1956): 399–405. 74. 【二】 Atiyah, M. F. & Singer, I. M. “The Index of Elliptic Operators I.”
Annals of Mathematics 87, no. 3 (1968): 484–530;III,同刊 87 (1968): 546–
604;IV、V,同刊 93 (1971)。 ⚠ 1963 年那篇(Bulletin of the AMS 69: 422–
433)是结果预告,不是定理的正式发表处;这一处在本书的姊妹卷中曾经著录
错误,已订正。
分级统计
级别 条数 说明
【一】 9 本次逐条核到卷期页码
或 DOI,可直接引用
【二】 37 标准著录,经典文献,
多来源一致
【三】 29 页码或版本细节待核,
引用前请自行复核
合计 75第四编承重三支的完整性核对:非局部向量微积分(第 37–40 条,四条全为【一】级)· peridynamics(第 41–44 条,主文献第 41 条为【一】级)· 图 Laplacian 收敛(第 45–47 条,两条为【一】级)。三支各自的主文献均已核到 DOI 或卷期页码。下一版的著录纪律:一律著录到卷、期、起讫页码并附 DOI 或 arXiv 编号;确实无法确认页码的,宁可标“页码待核”,绝不填一个看上去合理的数字。本表中标为【三】的 29 条,是下一轮文献核实的工作清单。